Calculation of Ingredients

The calculation of the ingredients is used to create a recipe for making the soap. I recommend that you do not use cookies that are full of internet. By using ready-made recipes you will not be able to adjust the ingredients to the amount you have. Also, you will not be able to change the existing recipe and enhance it for your taste. I recommend you invest a little effort to understand recipe ingredients. This will open up a large creation space for soap making.

 Calculating ingredients can be done manually or using a soap calculator. This article will describe how a handheld calculation is used using a table. It is very important to understand this handy method of calculating the ingredients because it will give you a true insight into the whole process. So do not skip this section, but read it. You must master the manual calculations and understand all the concepts related to it. Later you will not count manually, but you will use a soap calculator. He will do all the mathematical part of the calculation, and you will be only a creative part of the choice of ingredients.

 The most significant data in the preparation of soap is the saponification factor of oil or fat, abbreviated SAP. The saponification factor is the number that tells us how many grams of NaOH or KOH are needed for 1 grams of each oil or fat. Each oil or fat has its saponification factor value and these values ​​are usually in the form of tables.

SAPONIFICATION CHART (SODIUM HYDROXIDE, NAOH)

Almond (Sweet): 0.136 Apricot kernel: 0.135 Arachis: 0.136 Avocado: 0.133 Babassu: 0.175 Beef Tallow: 0.1405 Borage Oil: 0.136 Brazil Nut Oil: 0.175 Butterfat (cow): 0.1619 Butterfat (goat): 0.1672 Camelia oil: 0.136 Castor: 0.1286 Chicken fat: 0.1389 Chinese Bean: 0.135 Cocoa Butter: 0.137 Coconut (refined): 0.190 Coconut (virgin): 0.1946 Cod Liver Oil: 0.1326 Coffee Seed Oil: 0.130 Colza: 0.124 Corn (Maize): 0.136 Cottonseed: 0.1386 Deer Tallow: 0.1379 Earthnut: 0.136

Emu oil: 0.135 Evening Primrose: 0.136 Flaxseed: 0.1357 Gigely Tree: 0.133 Goat Tallow: 0.1383 Goose Fat: 0.1369 Grapeseed: 0.1265 Grapefruit Seed Oil: 0.123-0.135 Hazelnut: 0.1356 Hemp Seed: 0.1345 Herring Oil: 0.136 Illippe Butter 0.136 Jojoba: 0.069 Kapok: 0.137 Katchung: 0.136 Kokum Butter 0.134 Kukui Nut: 0.135 Lard: 0.138 Linseed: 0.1357 Loccu: 0.134 Macadamia Nut: 0.139 Mango Butter: 0.135 Mink Oil: 0.140 Moringa 0.136

Mustard Seed Oil: 0.1241 Myrtle oil: 0.069 Neat's Foot Oil: 0.1359 Neem: 0.1387 Niger Seed Oil: 0.1355 Nutmeg Butter: 0.116 Olive Oil: 0.134 Olive Butter: 0.185 Palm Kernel: 0.156 Palm: 0.141 Peanut: 0.136 Perilla: 0.1369 Pistachio Oil: 0.135 Poppy Seed Oil: 0.1383 Pork Tallow: 0.138 Pumpkin Seed: 0.1331 Ramic: 0.124 Rape Seed (Canola): 0.124 Rice Bran: 0.128 Ricinus: 0.1286 Safflower: 0.136 Sardine Oil: 0.135 Sesame Seed: 0.133 Sunflower: 0.134

Shea (Karite) Butter: 0.128 Sheeps Tallow: 0.1383 Soybean: 0.135 Sunflower: 0.134 Tung: 0.1377 Vegetable Shortening (hydrogenated mixed vegetable oils): 0.136 Venison Fat: 0.139 Walnut: 0.1353 Wheatgerm: 0.131 Waxes... Beeswax: 0.069 Carnauba Wax: 0.069 Lanolin: 0.0741

SAPONIFICATION CHART (POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE, KOH)

Almond (Sweet): 0.1925 Apricot kernel: 0.1941 Avocado: 0.1886 Babassu: 0.2463 Beef Tallow: 0.1999 Borage Oil: 0.1886 Castor: 0.1811 Chicken fat: 0.1910 Cocoa Butter: 0.1941 Coconut (refined): 0.2690 Corn (Maize): 0.1927 Cottonseed: 0.1954 Deer Tallow: 0.1946 Emu oil: 0.1939

Evening Primrose: 0.1918 Flaxseed: 0.1913 Goat Tallow: 0.1946 Goose Fat: 0.1900 Grapeseed: 0.1861 Hazelnut: 0.1928 Hemp Seed: 0.1914 Jojoba: 0.0979 Kukui Nut: 0.1903 Lard: 0.1970 Linseed: 0.1913 Macadamia Nut: 0.1959 Mink Oil: 0.1976 Mustard Seed Oil: 0.1720

Neem: 0.1932 Niger Seed Oil: 0.1890 Olive Oil: 0.1906 Olive Butter: 0.1880 Palm Kernel: 0.2503 Palm: 0.2000 Peanut: 0.1925 Poppy Seed Oil: 0.1960 Pork Tallow: 0.1946 Pumpkin Seed: 0.1956 Rape Seed (Canola): 0.1870 Rice Bran: 0.1808 Safflower: 0.1928 Sesame Seed: 0.1882

Shea (Karite) Butter: 0.1825 Sheeps Tallow: 0.1949 Soybean: 0.1914 Sunflower: 0.1903 Venison Fat: 0.1946 Walnut: 0.1900 Wheatgerm: 0.1858 Waxes... Beeswax: 0.0970 Carnauba Wax: 0.087 Lanolin: 0.1054

Discount
There is another concept used in calculation when calculating soap, which is a discount. The discount should be between 5% and 10%, depending on the taste. Some natural soap producers go up by up to 15%. Discount is the percentage that is deducted from the amount of sodium base. If we put a too small amount of soap can be too strong. Too much relaxation will give a premature soap.

Calculation
This is how the handheld calculation of ingredients looks like. Here's how it counts.

For example, you want a recipe with 500 g of olive oil and 250 g of sunflower. For each value of the table oil, read the SAP factor and write it down.

500 g of olive oil (SAP from the table is 0.1353)
250 g of sunflower oil (SAP from the table is 0.1358)
for discount you choose 7%

Calculation:

For 500 g of olive oil you need 500 * 0.1353 = 67.65 g NaOH
For 250 g of sunflower oil you need 250 * 0.1358 = 33.95 g NaOH
Total weight was 101.6 g NaOH

A discount of 7% should now be deducted, ie 93% of the NaOH obtained: 0.93 * 101.6 = 94.488 g NaOH

Water is taken up 33% of the total amount of oil, which is (500 + 250) * 0.33 = 247.5 g of distilled water

You have computed and have all the ingredients you need for recipe.

I use calculations with 33% water, and this amount can be up to 38% and different sites have different recommendations. Over that amount of soap would not work.

In the table you also have a different SAP that is valid for potassium base. Potassium base is used in liquid soaps.

  If you are not counting the pedestrians, you have a soap calculator available that counts for you.

Add fat to trace
We may also add a small amount of oil to the trace so as not to saponify and retain its healing properties. Then we put a discount of 5% and the rest of 3 or 5% (as much as we want) is added to the trace. The trace amounts to 3 or 5% (as much as we want) of each quantity and type of fat that has entered the prescription. This is how the soap becomes lighter (greasy), so its pH will slightly lower. This process depends on the taste and purpose of the soap.